The ISPN Guide to Pediatric Neurosurgery

HomeHydrocephalus and Other Anomalies of CSF Circulation in ChildrenHydrocephalus After Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Infants HomepageReferences for Hydrocephalus After Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Infants

References for Hydrocephalus After Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Infants

  1. Adams-Chapman I, Hansen NI, Stoll BJ, et al: Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring shunt insertion. Pediatrics 121:e1167-1177, 2008
  2. Ahmann PA, Lazzara A, Dykes FD, et al: Intraventricular hemorrhage in the high-risk preterm infant: incidence and outcome. Ann Neurol 7:118-124, 1980
  3. Akundi RS, Candelario-Jalil E, Hess S, et al: Signal transduction pathways regulating cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary rat microglia. Glia 51:199-208, 2005
  4. Ancel PY, Marret S, Larroque B, et al: Are maternal hypertension and small-for-gestational age risk factors for severe intraventricular hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia? Results of the EPIPAGE cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193:178-184, 2005
  5. Babcock DS, Han BK: The accuracy of high resolution, real-time ultrasonography of the head in infancy. Radiology 139:665-676, 1981
  6. Beverley DW, Chance GW, Coates CF: Intraventricular haemorrhage–timing of occurrence and relationship to perinatal events. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 91:1007-1013, 1984
  7. Brady KM, Easley RB, Tobias JD :Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) treatment in infants with hemorrhage. Paediatr Anaesth 16:1042-1046, 2006
  8. Brouwer MJ, de Vries LS, Pistorius L, et al: Ultrasound measurements of the lateral ventricles in neonates: why, how and when? A systematic review. Acta Paediatr 99:1298-1306, 2010
  9. Brydon HL, Bayston R, Hayward R, et al: The effect of protein and blood cells on the flow-pressure characteristics of shunts. Neurosurgery 38:498-504; discussion 505, 1996
  10. Buxton N, Macarthur D, Mallucci C, et al: Neuroendoscopy in the premature population. Childs Nerv Syst 14:649-652, 1998
  11. Chao CC, Hu S, Molitor TW, et al: Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism. J Immunol 149:2736-2741, 1992
  12. Cherian S, Whitelaw A, Thoresen M, et al: The pathogenesis of neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Brain Pathol 14:305-311, 2004
  13. Cinalli G, Spennato P, Savarese L, et al: Endoscopic aqueductoplasty and placement of a stent in the cerebral aqueduct in the management of isolated fourth ventricle in children. J Neurosurg 104 (1 Suppl):21-27, 2006
  14. Cornips E, Van Calenbergh F, Plets C, et al: Use of external drainage for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in very low birth weight premature infants. Childs Nerv Syst 13:369-374, 1997
  15. Davies MW, Swaminathan M, Chuang SL, et al: Reference ranges for the linear dimensions of the intracranial ventricles in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 82:F218-223, 2000
  16. de Vries LS, Liem KD, van Dijk K, et al: Early versus late treatment of posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: results of a retrospective study from five neonatal intensive care units in The Netherlands. Acta Paediatr 91:212-217, 2002
  17. Del Bigio MR: Neuropathological changes caused by hydrocephalus. Acta Neuropathol 85:573-585, 1993
  18. Duncan C, Chiang V: Intraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, in Albright A, Pollack I, Adelson P (eds): Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery, ed 2. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc, New York, 2008, vol 2, pp 145-161
  19. Fernell E, Hagberg G, Hagberg B: Infantile hydrocephalus epidemiology: an indicator of enhanced survival. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 70:F123-128, 1994
  20. Fletcher JM, Landry SH, Bohan TP, et al: Effects of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus on the long-term neurobehavioral development of preterm very-low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 39:596-606, 1997
  21. Garland JS, Buck R, Leviton A: Effect of maternal glucocorticoid exposure on risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in surfactant-treated preterm infants. J Pediatr 126:272-279, 1995
  22. Gopel W, Gortner L, Kohlmann T, et al: Low prevalence of large intraventricular haemorrhage in very low birthweight infants carrying the factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A mutation. Acta Paediatr 90:1021-1024, 2001
  23. Gopel W, Hartel C, Ahrens P, et al: Interleukin-6-174-genotype, sepsis and cerebral injury in very low birth weight infants. Genes Immun 7:65-68, 2006
  24. Gould DB, Phalan FC, Breedveld GJ, et al: Mutations in Col4a1 cause perinatal cerebral hemorrhage and porencephaly. Science 308:1167-1171, 2005
  25. Gould SJ, Howard S, Hope PL, et al: Periventricular intraparenchymal cerebral haemorrhage in preterm infants: the role of venous infarction. J Pathol 151:197-202, 1987
  26. Greisen G, Andreasen RB: Recombinant factor VIIa in preterm neonates with prolonged prothrombin time. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 14:117-120, 2003
  27. Grogaard JB, Lindstrom DP, Parker RA, et al: Increased survival rate in very low birth weight infants (1500 grams or less): no association with increased incidence of handicaps. J Pediatr 117 (1 Pt 1):139-146, 1990
  28. Haines SJ, Lapointe M: Fibrinolytic agents in the management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants: the evidence. Childs Nerv Syst 15:226-234, 1999
  29. Hambleton G, Wigglesworth JS: Origin of intraventricular haemorrhage in the preterm infant. Arch Dis Child 51:651-659, 1976
  30. Hansen AR, Volpe JJ, Goumnerova LC, et al: Intraventricular urokinase for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Pediatr Neurol 17:213-217, 1997
  31. Harding D, Brull D, Humphries SE, et al: Variation in the interleukin-6 gene is associated with impaired cognitive development in children born prematurely: a preliminary study. Pediatr Res 58:117-120, 2005
  32. Harding DR, Humphries SE, Whitelaw A, et al: Cognitive outcome and cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene (-765 G/C) variation in the preterm infant. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 92:F108-112, 2007
  33. Heep A, Stoffel-Wagner B, Soditt V, et al: Procollagen I C-propeptide in the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates with posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 87:F34-36, 2002
  34. Hudgins RJ: Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of infancy. Neurosurg Clin N Am 12:743-751, 2001
  35. Hudgins RJ, Boydston WR, Gilreath CL: Treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in the preterm infant with a ventricular access device. Pediatr Neurosurg 29:309-313, 1998
  36. Hudgins RJ, Boydston WR, Hudgins PA, et al: Intrathecal urokinase as a treatment for intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant. Pediatr Neurosurg 26:281-287, 1997
  37. International PHVD Drug Trial Group: International randomised controlled trial of acetazolamide and furosemide in posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in infancy. Lancet 352:433-440, 1998
  38. Kadri H, Mawla AA, Kazah J: The incidence, timing, and predisposing factors of germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH) in preterm neonates. Childs Nerv Syst 22:1086-1090, 2006
  39. Karas CS, Baig MN, Elton SW: Ventriculosubgaleal shunts at Columbus Children’s Hospital: Neurosurgical implant placement in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Neurosurg 107 (3 Suppl):220-223, 2007
  40. Kenet G, Kuperman AA, Strauss T, et al: Neonatal IVH–mechanisms and management. Thromb Res 127 Suppl 3:S120-122, 2011
  41. Kestle J, Drake J, Milner R, et al: Long-term follow-up data from the Shunt Design Trial. Pediatr Neurosurg 33:230-236, 2000
  42. Kirkpatrick M, Engleman H, Minns RA: Symptoms and signs of progressive hydrocephalus. Arch Dis Child 64:124-128, 1989
  43. Kluckow M: Low systemic blood flow and pathophysiology of the preterm transitional circulation. Early Hum Dev 81:429-437, 2005
  44. Korobkin R: The relationship between head circumference and the development of communicating hydrocephalus in infants following intraventricular hemmorrhage. Pediatrics 56:74-77, 1975
  45. Leliefeld PH, Gooskens RH, Tulleken CA, et al: Noninvasive detection of the distinction between progressive and compensated hydrocephalus in infants: is it possible? J Neurosurg Pediatr 5:562-568, 2010
  46. Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, et al: Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 107 (1):E1, 2001
  47. Levene MI: Measurement of the growth of the lateral ventricles in preterm infants with real-time ultrasound. Arch Dis Child 56:900-904, 1981
  48. Leviton A, Dammann O: Coagulation, inflammation, and the risk of neonatal white matter damage. Pediatr Res 55:541-545, 2004
  49. Leviton A, Fenton T, Kuban KC, et al: Labor and delivery characteristics and the risk of germinal matrix hemorrhage in low birth weight infants. J Child Neurol 6:35-40, 1991
  50. Leviton A, Kuban KC, Pagano M, et al: Antenatal corticosteroids appear to reduce the risk of postnatal germinal matrix hemorrhage in intubated low birth weight newborns. Pediatrics 91:1083-1088, 1993
  51. Leviton A, Paneth N, Reuss ML, et al: Maternal infection, fetal inflammatory response, and brain damage in very low birth weight infants. Developmental Epidemiology Network Investigators. Pediatr Res 46:566-575, 1999
  52. Liao MF, Chaou WT, Tsao LY, et al: Ultrasound measurement of the ventricular size in newborn infants. Brain Dev 8:262-268, 1986
  53. Lim LW, Volkodav OV: Germinal matrix hemorrhage of prematurity: treatment approaches and outcomes in a single institutional review in the Ukraine. Pediatr Neurosurg 45:132-140, 2009
  54. Limbrick DD, Jr., Mathur A, Johnston JM, et al: Neurosurgical treatment of progressive posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation in preterm infants: a 10-year single-institution study. J Neurosurg Pediatr 6:224-230, 2010
  55. Linder N, Haskin O, Levit O, et al: Risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight premature infants: a retrospective case-control study. Pediatrics 111 (5 Pt 1):e590-595, 2003
  56. Luciano M, Pattisapu JV, Wickremesekera A: Infantile posthemorhhagic hydrocephalus, in Youmans JR (ed): Neurological Surgery, ed 2. Philadelphia:WB Saunders, 2004, vol 4, pp 3405-3417
  57. McCrea HJ, Ment LR: The diagnosis, management, and postnatal prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm neonate. Clin Perinatol 35:777-792, 2008
  58. McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Casey BM, et al: Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. N Engl J Med 340:1234-1238, 1999
  59. Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, et al: Antenatal steroids, delivery mode, and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:795-800, 1995
  60. Ment LR, Oh W, Philip AG, et al: Risk factors for early intraventricular hemorrhage in low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 121 (5 Pt 1):776-783, 1992
  61. Ment LR, Stewart WB, Ardito TA, et al: Indomethacin promotes germinal matrix microvessel maturation in the newborn beagle pup. Stroke 23:1132-1137, 1992
  62. Ment LR, Vohr BR, Makuch RW, et al: Prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage by indomethacin in male preterm infants. J Pediatr 145:832-834, 2004
  63. Miner ME: Acetazolamide treatment of progressive hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage in a preterm infant. Childs Nerv Syst 2:105-106, 1986
  64. Mitsiakos G, Papaioannou G, Giougi E, et al: Is the use of rFVIIa safe and effective in bleeding neonates? A retrospective series of 8 cases. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 29:145-150, 2007
  65. Moody DM, Brown WR, Challa VR, et al: Alkaline phosphatase histochemical staining in the study of germinal matrix hemorrhage and brain vascular morphology in a very-low-birth-weight neonate. Pediatr Res 35 (4 Pt 1):424-430, 1994
  66. Murphy BP, Inder TE, Rooks V, et al: Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in the premature infant: natural history and predictors of outcome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 87:F37-41, 2002
  67. Muszinski C: Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, in Malluci C, Sgouros S (eds): Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders. New York: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., 2010, pp 141-153
  68. O’Brien DF, Seghedoni A, Collins DR, et al: Is there an indication for ETV in young infants in aetiologies other than isolated aqueduct stenosis? Childs Nerv Syst 22:1565-1572, 2006
  69. Oi S, Abbott R: Loculated ventricles and isolated compartments in hydrocephalus: their pathophysiology and the efficacy of neuroendoscopic surgery. Neurosurg Clin N Am 15:77-87, 2004
  70. Pagano M, Leviton A, Kuban K: Early and late germinal matrix hemorrhage may have different antecedents. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 37:47-54, 1990
  71. Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, et al: Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr 92:529-534, 1978
  72. Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, et al: Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in low-birth-weight infants: treatment by serial lumbar punctures. J Pediatr 97:273-277, 1980
  73. Parfenova H, Levine V, Gunther WM, et al: COX-1 and COX-2 contributions to basal and IL-1 beta-stimulated prostanoid synthesis in human neonatal cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Pediatr Res 52:342-348, 2002
  74. Perlman JM, Rollins N: Surveillance protocol for the detection of intracranial abnormalities in premature neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:822-826, 2000
  75. Perry RN, Bowman ED, Murton LJ, et al: Ventricular size in newborn infants. J Ultrasound Med 4:475-477, 1985
  76. Philip AG, Allan WC, Tito AM, et al: Intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants: declining incidence in the 1980s. Pediatrics 84:797-801, 1989
  77. Pople IK, Ettles D: The role of endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation in the management of hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 36:698-701; discussion 701-692, 1995
  78. Ventriculomegaly Trial Group: Randomised trial of early tapping in neonatal posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Arch Dis Child 65 (1 Spec No):3-10, 1990
  79. Ventriculomegaly Trial Group: Randomised trial of early tapping in neonatal posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: results at 30 months. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 70:F129-136, 1994
  80. Reinprecht A, Dietrich W, Berger A, et al: Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants: long-term follow-up and shunt-related complications. Childs Nerv Syst 17:663-669, 2001
  81. Roland EH, Hill A: Intraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Current and potential future interventions. Clin Perinatol 24:589-605, 1997
  82. Sajjadian N, Fakhrai H, Jahadi R: Incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants. Acta Med Iran 48:260-262, 2010
  83. Sauerbrei EE, Digney M, Harrison PB, et al: Ultrasonic evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and its complications. Radiology 139:677-685, 1981
  84. Savman K, Blennow M, Hagberg H, et al: Cytokine response in cerebrospinal fluid from preterm infants with posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Acta Paediatr 91:1357-1363, 2002
  85. Sgouros S, Malluci C, Walsh AR, et al: Long-term complications of hydrocephalus. Pediatr Neurosurg 23:127-132, 1995
  86. Shankaran S, Papile LA, Wright LL, et al: The effect of antenatal phenobarbital therapy on neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants. N Engl J Med 337:466-471, 1997
  87. Sheth RD: Trends in incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage. J Child Neurol 13:261-264, 1998
  88. Sondhi V, Gupta G, Gupta PK, et al: Establishment of nomograms and reference ranges for intra-cranial ventricular dimensions and ventriculo-hemispheric ratio in newborns by ultrasonography. Acta Paediatr 97:738-744, 2008
  89. Synnes AR, Chien LY, Peliowski A, et al: Variations in intraventricular hemorrhage incidence rates among Canadian neonatal intensive care units. J Pediatr 138:525-531, 2001
  90. Takashima S, Mito T, Ando Y: Pathogenesis of periventricular white matter hemorrhages in preterm infants. Brain Dev 8:25-30, 1986
  91. Taylor AG, Peter JC: Advantages of delayed VP shunting in post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus seen in low-birth-weight infants. Childs Nerv Syst 17:328-333, 2001
  92. Taylor GA: Sonographic assessment of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Radiol Clin North Am 39:541-551, 2001
  93. Tubbs RS, Smyth MD, Wellons JC, et al: Alternative uses for the subgaleal shunt in pediatric neurosurgery. Pediatr Neurosurg 39:22-24, 2003
  94. Tuli S, Drake J, Lawless J, et al: Risk factors for repeated cerebrospinal shunt failures in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 92:31-38, 2000
  95. van Bel F, Klautz RJ, Steendijk P, et al: The influence of indomethacin on the autoregulatory ability of the cerebral vascular bed in the newborn lamb. Pediatr Res 34:178-181, 1993
  96. Vohr B, Allan WC, Scott DT, et al: Early-onset intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates: incidence of neurodevelopmental handicap. Semin Perinatol 23:212-217, 1999
  97. Vohr BR, Allan WC, Westerveld M, et al: School-age outcomes of very low birth weight infants in the indomethacin intraventricular hemorrhage prevention trial. Pediatrics 111 (4 Pt 1):e340-346, 2003
  98. Vohr BR, Wright LL, Dusick AM, et al: Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994. Pediatrics 105:1216-1226, 2000
  99. Volpe JJ: Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant–current concepts. Part I. Ann Neurol 25:3-11, 1989
  100. Volpe JJ: Neurology of the Newborn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2008
  101. Warf BC, Campbell JW, Riddle E: Initial experience with combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization for post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity: the importance of prepontine cistern status and the predictive value of FIESTA MRI imaging. Childs Nerv Syst 27: 1063-71, 2011
  102. Whitelaw A: Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures for preventing disability or shunt dependence in newborn infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD000216, 2000
  103. Whitelaw A: Intraventricular haemorrhage and posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus: pathogenesis, prevention and future interventions. Semin Neonatol 6:135-146, 2001
  104. Whitelaw A: Postnatal phenobarbitone for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD001691, 2001
  105. Whitelaw A: Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD000216, 2001
  106. Whitelaw A, Christie S, Pople I: Transforming growth factor-beta1: a possible signal molecule for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus? Pediatr Res 46:576-580, 1999
  107. Whitelaw A, Evans D, Carter M, et al: Randomized clinical trial of prevention of hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants: brain-washing versus tapping fluid. Pediatrics 119:e1071-1078, 2007
  108. Whitelaw A, Jary S, Kmita G, et al: Randomized trial of drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy for premature infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: developmental outcome at 2 years. Pediatrics 125:e852-858, 2010
  109. Whitelaw A, Kennedy CR, Brion LP: Diuretic therapy for newborn infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD002270, 2001
  110. Whitelaw A, Odd DE: Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD001691, 2007
  111. Whitelaw A, Odd DE: Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD000498, 2007
  112. Whitelaw A, Pople I, Cherian S, et al: Phase 1 trial of prevention of hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants by drainage, irrigation, and fibrinolytic therapy. Pediatrics 111 (4 Pt 1):759-765, 2003
  113. Whitelaw A, Thoresen M, Pople I: Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 86:F72-74, 2002